9. Bees in Amber
On Bees in Amber: A Little Book of Thoughtful Verse
Extract from object biography
2021
Bees in Amber lies in a crate of 13 books, all muddled and disaster-struck. It is smaller than the others and isn’t bound in leather. Peeking out from underneath a 1738 publication of Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quixote, it appears timid and alone, unsuspecting – a little lost.
The crate containing Bees in Amber sits at DK Conservators in Wynberg, in an adaptable room that accommodates whichever task is deemed most pressing. The walls are painted a 70s brown, and the overhead lights cast an eerie glow over its contents. The large table in the centre is piled with books in varying degrees of deterioration, and walking through the door, curtained with a thick sheet of plastic, is like entering a morgue. A make-shift photographic studio has been set up alongside a pile of forms to document damage. As I write this, I refer to a page titled “CONSERVATION REPORT”, with my name listed below staff member. I have answered the question “Is damage evident on the following parts of the book?” by drawing ticks next to labels that denote the book’s anatomy. Bees in Amber has many “yes” ticks, as if it's in urgent need of hospitalisation or treatment for a disease.
Bees in Amber measures 16 by 10 cm, and is 2.5 cm high when lying flat. It is made of one-quarter cloth and three-quarters paper. Its title and the author's name, John Oxenham, are stamped into the earthy brown paper in a font resembling Art Deco cinema signage. The cloth, while cream linen, is streaked with uncharacteristic pinks and greens (shades that would, for instance, appear if one’s inkjet printer were malfunctioning). The front and back boards are crinkled and warped, and the front-right corner shows signs of severe wear, with the paper folded to form a dog-ear. Although this stems from years of use, a dog-ear is often created by a reader to mark a phrase or chapter that holds personal meaning. It is as if nature itself has marked this book for its subtle significance.
Mould spores cling to the front and back boards, creating an effect reminiscent of marbled post office paper. Circular rust marks and denim blue vinyl have attached themselves to the linen of the back board, likely transferred from the front cover of a different book, like a tattoo symbolising friendship. When one opens the front cover of Bees in Amber, the mull (a gauzy material that mimics a bandage) is exposed where the glue connecting it to the spine has degraded. While this hinge is broken, the outer joint – that small groove running vertically between the book cover and the spine – remains intact. The hinge’s breaking has revealed the raised cord that bound the book. Raised cord, the most popular binding method until the mid-18th century, is a form of sewing in which the thread runs up and down each section of the book, and then around the sewing supports.
On either side of the exposed binding are the pastedown and flyleaf, or the first two pages after one lifts the front cover. Herein lie the most whimsical parts of Bees in Amber – printed on the pastedown are 6 ink drawings of minute bees. These are tender, with sensitive markings – the bees’ wings stippled and translucent. Light appears to reflect off their backs, and their pincers are outstretched, as though they are preparing to perch upon flowers come springtime. The paper is an aged yellow, but was the colour of amber at the time of print. The yellow has bled into indescribable shades of blue and brown, a muted rainbow of sorts.
While the book block of Bees in Amber bears minimal damage in comparison to the front and back boards, there are signs of water damage along the edges of the outer pages. The pages have deckled edges – ragged right margins characteristic of handmade rather than machine-trimmed paper. These pages also show signs of foxing – those rust-coloured spots resulting from the oxidation of organic and inorganic impurities left behind from the paper-making process. While foxing is a naturally occurring process common to most old books, conservators can easily reduce its visibility through washing and bleaching. If the pages of Bees in Amber are to be washed and bleached, they will need to be re-stained with tea to match their original colour. It is a funny thing to take the age out of something and then put it back.
Holding the book (it fits neatly into the palms of my hands), I wonder when it was last opened – when last the bees trapped in amber came up for air or saw the light of day. I am drawn to bees as I am drawn to flowers, and bees and flowers have a shared existence, much like the relationship between reader and book. For one feels connected to the words and worlds that they contain, and to the materiality of the pages between one’s fingers.
Bees in Amber was published in 1913 by Methuen & Co (now Methuen Publishers) at 36 Essex Street, London, and printed at Garden City Press Limited in Letchworth. Its shelf number is pencilled into the flyleaf as “BDK 13 OXEN 60/3827”. The ‘Search and Find’ function of the University of Cape Town’s Primo digital library system decodes that the shelves labelled “BDK” contain the Kipling Collection, with the source record revealing that John Oxenham’s poem “No East or West” on page 45 makes reference to Rudyard Kipling’s poem “The Ballad of East and West.” Rudyard Kipling was a racist, a misogynist, and a staunch supporter of the British Colonial Empire. His poem “The White Man’s Burden” is often cited as the paragon of his dubious political alignments. Hedley Twidle makes note of Kipling’s unwavering support of Cecil John Rhodes, stating that Kipling, when writing of Rhodes, would refer to him as “Him”, effectively placing Rhodes in the tier of divinity and casting him as a god-like figure (Twidle, 2012: 86).
Although expansive, the University of Cape Town’s Kipling Collection is rarely utilised by its student body, which has little use for poetic racism. But perhaps it is worth questioning whether a collection ought to be recognised as a sum of its parts, for when colonial or violent collections are deconstructed, and parts combined with those of other collections, new understandings of colonial histories can emerge. This is not, however, a call for the continued conservation and circulation of colonial material, but rather to illustrate that the canons of existing collections can (and should) be subverted to stimulate dialectical relationships between past conservatisms and current institutional critique.
Arjun Appadurai further argues that commodities, like people, have social lives (Appadurai, 1986: 3). Bees in Amber’s crate number, pencilled into the flyleaf above its shelf number, provides evidence of this. In the aftermath of the fire that raged through the University of Cape Town’s Jagger Library, the crate number 3.12.2.0 facilitated the travel of Bees in Amber from the basement of UCT Libraries to a refrigerated shipping container, where wet books wrapped in clingfilm were stacked one on top of the other like cuts of meat. After being transported to DK Conservators, Bees in Amber was unwrapped, placed on its plastic packaging with its crate number attached, and stood out to dry. This drying, with dehumidifiers and heaters, caused the distortion of the front and back boards and the crinkling so recognisable in books that have changed form over too short a period. Hereafter, the crate number was transferred from the plastic wrapping to the flyleaf in 2B pencil. Bees in Amber remains in the room of requirements, checked off on an inventory list, and resting in a crate of 13 books.
It is Wednesday, the 26th of April at 3:35 pm, and I am standing in the belly of the beast – the burnt-out drum of the University of Cape Town’s Jagger Library. The dehumidifiers hum as they suck the moisture out of the basement one, two, three floors below. I stand on the burnt crisps of books, their pages cling to the bottom of my shoes – a soggy, ashy mess that I will trample into the bricks of the plaza. To the south are the remnants of atlases, their different-coloured lines barely visible through the soot. To the west are dictionaries, and to the east is an area I cannot enter due to structural instability. The smell of burnt paper, of burnt wood, emanates from the wreckage. A site worker explains that plaster expands when exposed to high temperatures, causing it to crack and fall away from the walls. The pillars have been stripped bare, exposing the layers of paint applied through the ages. They are cream and dusty pink, against the red of the unveiled brickwork. When I look up, I can see the sky – a flight of swallows swooping past and observing the ruins from above.
I think of Achille Mbembe’s The Power of the Archive and Its Limits, to his statement of “There cannot be a definition of ‘archives’ that does not encompass both the building itself and the documents stored there” (Mbembe, 2002: 19). I consider what has survived this fire: books without a home, and documents without a building. Not the first editions of Don Quixote, but books like Bees in Amber, timid and alone. It has begun snowing – the ashes of the million books float in the breeze and settle in my hair, on my face, at my feet. And the infrastructure, this shell of a broken library, stands serene – like a phoenix, it is rising from the ashes.
Bibliography:
Appadurai, A. 1986. The Social Life of Things : Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Mbembe, A. 2002. The Power of the Archive and Its Limits. In Refiguring the Archive. C. Hamilton, V. Harris, M. Pickover, G. Reid, R. Saleh & J. Taylor, Eds. Dordrecht: Springer. 19-27.
Oxenham, J. 1913. Bees in Amber: A Little Book of Thoughtful Verse. London: Methuen.
Twidle, H. 2012. ‘All Like and Yet Unlike the Old Country:’ Kipling in Cape Town, 1891–1908 — A Reappraisal. In English in Africa, 39 (2). 85–109.